Isaiah Berlin's label 'the Counter-Enlightenment' best describes which of the following?
Hamann, the 'Magus of the North,' pressed which objection against his friend Kant?
Burke's defence of 'prejudice' and prescription in the Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) amounts to the claim that…
On Hegel's reading in the Phenomenology of Spirit, why does the French Revolution's 'absolute freedom' pass over into the Terror?
Nietzsche's challenge to the Enlightenment's 'will to truth' is best stated as…
In Adorno and Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), the phrase 'enlightenment reverts to myth' captures the thesis that…
Habermas's response to the critique of instrumental reason ('Modernity: An Unfinished Project,' 1980) turns on which distinction?
Foucault's 1984 essay 'What is Enlightenment?' recasts Enlightenment as…
✍️ Open answer · AI-graded
'The critics of Enlightenment reason are its enemies.' Assess this claim by drawing on at least three thinkers from this unit. Distinguish those who reject Enlightenment reason from those who criticize it in order to complete or reform it.
What to cover: Range across the Counter-Enlightenment (Hamann, Herder, Burke), the internal critics (Hegel, Nietzsche, Adorno and Horkheimer), and the reappraisals (Habermas, Foucault), and argue for a considered verdict rather than simply listing views. Show that several 'critics' are in fact friendly amendments or attempts to rescue reason.
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