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On the Heavens

Aristotle · c. 350 BCE · translated by J. L. Stocks

The cosmos as Aristotle saw it: a motionless Earth, perfect circling spheres — and the claim that heavier things fall faster.

39,356 words · 26 pages · about 2 h 59 min of reading

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How this work is cited

Lessons cite it by book & chapter — for example II.1. Those numbers appear in the margin as you read, so a citation and the page agree.

Contents

Book I

  1. Book I 1,517 words
  2. Book I 1,582 words
  3. Book I 1,560 words
  4. Book I 1,509 words
  5. Book I 1,625 words
  6. Book I 1,678 words
  7. Book I 1,554 words
  8. Book I 1,508 words
  9. Book I 962 words

Book II

  1. Book II 1,704 words
  2. Book II 1,525 words
  3. Book II 1,756 words
  4. Book II 1,567 words
  5. Book II 1,774 words
  6. Book II 1,557 words
  7. Book II 1,523 words
  8. Book II 1,004 words

Book III

  1. Book III 1,591 words
  2. Book III 1,578 words
  3. Book III 1,954 words
  4. Book III 1,724 words
  5. Book III 1,054 words

Book IV

  1. Book IV 1,916 words
  2. Book IV 1,684 words
  3. Book IV 1,522 words
  4. Book IV 428 words

Source

Text from Wikisource , translated by J. L. Stocks. Licence: Public domain (terms).